The effect of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) on blood pressure: A systematic review

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Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), belonging to the Rosaceae family, is distributed widely in Europe, Asia, and North America. Particularly in China, hawthorn fruit is a traditional edible and medicinal source and numerous evidences have suggested its multiple health-benefit effects such as lowering blood pressure and serum lipid level, cardiovascular protective properties, and anti-atherosclerotic effects (Cloud, Vilcins, & McEwen, 2020; Wu et al., 2020). Hawthorn fruit contains large amount of pectin (about 9.94%) which is higher than those of other cultivated fruits, such as apple (0.9–1.9%) and peach (0.2–0.6%) (Chen, Qi, Zhu, & Wang, 2019; Guo, Du, Jiang, Goff, & Cui, 2019; Lyu et al., 2017; Picot-Allain, Ramasawmy, & Emmambux, 2020).

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